Google Suggest

AJAX was made popular in 2005 by Google, with Google Suggest.
Google Suggest is using AJAX to create a very dynamic web interface.
When you start typing in Google's search box, a JavaScript sends the letters off to a server and the server returns a list of suggestions.

Facts about AJAX

AJAX is based on internet standards, and uses a combination of:

• XMLHttpRequest object (to exchange data asynchronously with a server)
• JavaScript/DOM (to display/interact with the information)
• CSS (to style the data)
• XML (often used as the format for transferring data)

AJAX

AJAX = Asynchronous JavaScript and XML.
AJAX is not a new programming language, but a new way to use existing standards.
AJAX is the art of exchanging data with a server, and update parts of a web page - without reloading the whole page.

Who Should use RSS?

RSS is useful for web sites that are updated frequently, like:

• News sites - Lists news with title, date and descriptions
• Companies - Lists news and new products
• Calendars - Lists upcoming events and important days
• Site changes - Lists changed pages or new pages

Use of RSS

RSS was designed to show selected data.
Without RSS, users will have to check your site daily for new updates. This may be too time-consuming for many users. With an RSS feed (RSS is often called a News feed or RSS feed) they can check your site faster using an RSS aggregator (a site or program that gathers and sorts out RSS feeds).
Since RSS data is small and fast-loading, it can easily be used with services like cell phones or PDA's.
Web-rings with similar information can easily share data on their web sites to make them better and more useful.

RSS

• RSS stands for Really Simple Syndication
• RSS allows you to syndicate your site content
• RSS defines an easy way to share and view headlines and content
• RSS files can be automatically updated
• RSS allows personalized views for different sites
• RSS is written in XML

Facts About RDF

RDF is Designed to be Read by Computers
RDF was designed to provide a common way to describe information so it can be read and understood by computer applications.
RDF descriptions are not designed to be displayed on the web.

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RDF is Written in XML
RDF documents are written in XML. The XML language used by RDF is called RDF/XML.
By using XML, RDF information can easily be exchanged between different types of computers using different types of operating systems and application languages.

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RDF is a W3C Recommendation
RDF became a W3C Recommendation 10. February 2004.

RDF and The Semantic Web

The RDF language is a part of the W3C's Semantic Web Activity. W3C's "Semantic Web Vision" is a future where:

• Web information has exact meaning
• Web information can be understood and processed by computers
• Computers can integrate information from the web

Uses of RDF

• Describing properties for shopping items, such as price and availability
• Describing time schedules for web events
• Describing information about web pages (content, author, created and modified date)
• Describing content and rating for web pictures
• Describing content for search engines
• Describing electronic libraries

RDF

• RDF stands for Resource Description Framework
• RDF is a framework for describing resources on the web
• RDF is designed to be read and understood by computers
• RDF is not designed for being displayed to people
• RDF is written in XML
• RDF is a part of the W3C's Semantic Web Activity
• RDF is a W3C Recommendation

JavaScript = ECMAScript

JavaScript is an implementation of the ECMAScript language standard. ECMA-262 is the official JavaScript standard.
JavaScript was invented by Brendan Eich at Netscape (with Navigator 2.0), and has appeared in all browsers since 1996.
The official standardization was adopted by the ECMA organization (an industry standardization association) in 1997.
The ECMA standard (called ECMAScript-262) was approved as an international ISO (ISO/IEC 16262) standard in 1998.

Uses of Javascript

• JavaScript gives HTML designers a programming tool - HTML authors are normally not programmers, but JavaScript is a scripting language with a very simple syntax! Almost anyone can put small "snippets" of code into their HTML pages
• JavaScript can react to events - A JavaScript can be set to execute when something happens, like when a page has finished loading or when a user clicks on an HTML element
• JavaScript can read and write HTML elements - A JavaScript can read and change the content of an HTML element
• JavaScript can be used to validate data - A JavaScript can be used to validate form data before it is submitted to a server. This saves the server from extra processing
• JavaScript can be used to detect the visitor's browser - A JavaScript can be used to detect the visitor's browser, and - depending on the browser - load another page specifically designed for that browser
• JavaScript can be used to create cookies - A JavaScript can be used to store and retrieve information on the visitor's computer

Are Java and JavaScript the same?

Java and JavaScript are two completely different languages in both concept and design!
Java (developed by Sun Microsystems) is a powerful and much more complex programming language - in the same category as C and C++.

JavaScript

• JavaScript was designed to add interactivity to HTML pages
• JavaScript is a scripting language
• A scripting language is a lightweight programming language
• JavaScript is usually embedded directly into HTML pages
• JavaScript is an interpreted language (means that scripts execute without preliminary compilation)
• Everyone can use JavaScript without purchasing a license

jQuery

jQuery is a library of JavaScript Functions.
jQuery library contains the following features:

• HTML element selections
• HTML element manipulation
• CSS manipulation
• HTML event functions
• JavaScript Effects and animations
• HTML DOM traversal and modification
• AJAX
• Utilities

RDBMS

RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System.
RDBMS is the basis for SQL, and for all modern database systems like MS SQL Server, IBM DB2, Oracle, MySQL, and Microsoft Access.
The data in RDBMS is stored in database objects called tables.

Uses Of SQL

• SQL can execute queries against a database
• SQL can retrieve data from a database
• SQL can insert records in a database
• SQL can update records in a database
• SQL can delete records from a database
• SQL can create new databases
• SQL can create new tables in a database
• SQL can create stored procedures in a database
• SQL can create views in a database
• SQL can set permissions on tables, procedures, and views

SQL

• SQL stands for Structured Query Language
• SQL lets you access and manipulate databases
• SQL is an ANSI (American National Standards Institute) standard

Uses Of PHP

• PHP runs on different platforms (Windows, Linux, Unix, etc.)
• PHP is compatible with almost all servers used today (Apache, IIS, etc.)
• PHP is FREE to download from the official PHP resource: www.php.net
• PHP is easy to learn and runs efficiently on the server side

PHP + MySQL

PHP combined with MySQL are cross-platform (you can develop in Windows and serve on a Unix platform)

MySQL

• MySQL is a database server
• MySQL is ideal for both small and large applications
• MySQL supports standard SQL
• MySQL compiles on a number of platforms
• MySQL is free to download and use

PHP File

• PHP files can contain text, HTML tags and scripts
• PHP files are returned to the browser as plain HTML 
• PHP files have a file extension of ".php", ".php3", or ".phtml"

PHP

• PHP stands for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor
• PHP is a server-side scripting language, like ASP
• PHP scripts are executed on the server
• PHP supports many databases (MySQL, Informix, Oracle, Sybase, Solid, PostgreSQL, Generic ODBC, etc.)
• PHP is an open source software
• PHP is free to download and use

XML Related Technologies

XQuery (XML Query Language)
An XML based language for querying XML data.

DTD (Document Type Definition)
A standard for defining the legal elements in an XML document.

XSD (XML Schema)
An XML-based alternative to DTD.

XLink (XML Linking Language)
A language for creating hyperlinks in XML documents.

XPointer (XML Pointer Language)
Allows the XLink hyperlinks to point to more specific parts in the XML document.

SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)
An XML-based protocol to let applications exchange information over HTTP.

WSDL (Web Services Description Language)
An XML-based language for describing web services.

RDF (Resource Description Framework)
An XML-based language for describing web resources.

RSS (Really Simple Syndication)
A format for syndicating news and the content of news-like sites.

SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics)
Defines graphics in XML format.

XML Naming Rules

XML elements must follow these naming rules:

• Names can contain letters, numbers, and other characters.
• Names cannot start with a number or punctuation character.
• Names cannot start with the letters xml (or XML, or Xml, etc)
• Names cannot contain spaces.

XML Element

An XML element is everything from (including) the element's start tag to (including) the element's end tag.
An element can contain:

• other elements
• text
• attributes
• or a mix of all of the above

XML Syntax Rules

All XML Elements Must Have a Closing Tag.
XML Tags are Case Sensitive.
XML Elements Must be Properly Nested.
XML Documents Must Have a Root Element.
XML Attribute Values Must be Quoted.
White-space is Preserved in XML.
XML Stores New Line as LF.

XML

• XML stands for EXtensible Markup Language
• XML is a markup language much like HTML
• XML was designed to carry data, not to display data
• XML tags are not predefined. You must define your own tags
• XML is designed to be self-descriptive
• XML is a W3C Recommendation

VBScript

• VBScript is a scripting language
• A scripting language is a lightweight programming language
• VBScript is a light version of Microsoft's programming language Visual Basic
• VBScript is only supported by Microsoft's browsers (Internet Explorer)

Uses of ASP

• Dynamically edit, change, or add any content of a Web page
• Respond to user queries or data submitted from HTML forms
• Access any data or databases and return the results to a browser
• Customize a Web page to make it more useful for individual users
• The advantages of using ASP instead of CGI and Perl, are those of simplicity and speed
• Provide security - since ASP code cannot be viewed from the browser
• Clever ASP programming can minimize the network traffic

Difference Between ASP & HTML

• When a browser requests an HTML file, the server returns the file
• When a browser requests an ASP file, IIS passes the request to the ASP engine. The ASP engine reads the ASP file, line by line, and executes the scripts in the file. Finally, the ASP file is returned to the browser as plain HTML

ASP File

• An ASP file is just the same as an HTML file
• An ASP file can contain text, HTML, XML, and scripts
• Scripts in an ASP file are executed on the server
• An ASP file has the file extension ".asp"

ASP Compatibility

• To run IIS you must have Windows NT 4.0 or later
• To run PWS you must have Windows 95 or later
• ChiliASP is a technology that runs ASP without Windows OS
• InstantASP is another technology that runs ASP without Windows

ASP

• ASP stands for Active Server Pages.
• ASP is a Microsoft Technology.
• ASP is a program that runs inside IIS.
• IIS stands for Internet Information Services.
• IIS comes as a free component with Windows 2000.
• IIS is also a part of the Windows NT 4.0 Option Pack.
• The Option Pack can be downloaded from Microsoft.
• PWS is a smaller - but fully functional - version of IIS.
• PWS can be found on your Windows 95/98 CD.